Joelin Atlas

Methodology and sources

Comparable numbers need explicit definitions.

How outlines are drawn

Each outline is centered and normalized, then scaled by the square root of its official land area. The filled area therefore represents the land-area ratio. Overlap is a visual alignment and does not imply geographic location.

Outline sources vary by place and are listed below. The current datasets are Natural Earth (Public domain · Natural Earth vector master snapshot, retrieved 2026-09-04) and © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).

Population and density

Density is calculated from the stored population divided by land area. Statistical dates and population definitions vary, so every comparison exposes its scope and source.

Current place data

Ishigaki Island

Ishigaki Island only. Population is the registered Japanese-national population and excludes foreign residents. This does not use Ishigaki City's wider administrative area, which includes the Senkaku Islands.

Area reference date: 2024-07-01 · Population reference date: 2024-01-01

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature

Penghu County

The full Penghu County archipelago: 90 islands in the county inventory. Population is the registered year-end total; the area figure is the current official inventory accessed September 4, 2026.

Area source accessed: 2026-09-04 · Population reference date: 2024-12-31

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature

Koh Samui

Area is for Koh Samui main island. Population is the 2024 Ko Samui City Municipality total, whose 252 km² administration includes the 227 km² main island and 18 surrounding islands; density is therefore approximate for the main island.

Area source accessed: 2026-09-05 · Population reference date: 2024-12-31

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature

Green Island

Physical Green Island area paired with the registered population of Green Island Township at year-end 2025. The township and main island are nearly coextensive, but the population remains an administrative count.

Area source accessed: 2026-09-05 · Population reference date: 2025-12-31

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature

Phuket Province

Area and registered population both cover Phuket Province, not only Phuket Island. The province includes the main island and smaller surrounding islands; the provincial outline is used so the displayed density remains internally aligned.

Area reference date: 2023-12-31 · Population reference date: 2024-12-31

Outline data: Natural Earth · Public domain

Koh Pha-ngan

Physical Koh Pha-ngan area paired with the complete 2024 registered populations of Ko Pha-ngan and Ban Tai subdistricts, including municipal and non-municipal rows. Ko Tao is excluded.

Area source accessed: 2023-08-01 · Population reference date: 2024-12-31

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature

Koh Tao

Physical Koh Tao area paired with the 2024 Ko Tao subdistrict registered population. The administrative subdistrict also covers very small nearby islands, so density is a close local approximation rather than a headcount confined to the coastline.

Area reference date: 2017-01-01 · Population reference date: 2024-12-31

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature

Phu Quoc Island

Area and outline represent the physical main island. Population is the official figure used to establish Phu Quoc City in 2020 and covers the wider city archipelago, including smaller islands; main-island density is therefore approximate.

Area source accessed: 2026-09-05 · Population reference date: 2020-12-09

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature

Taiwan Main Island

The main island alone, excluding every offshore island. Area is the Ministry of the Interior's island-proper land (35,767.6263 km²) plus its reclaimed tidal land (44.4337 km²); the ministry publishes the two components but no combined main-island total. Population is derived from the same household-registration table used for Taiwan as a whole, subtracting Penghu, Kinmen and Lienchiang counties, the Pratas and Spratly Islands, and the Green Island, Orchid Island, Liuqiu and Qijin townships. No official body publishes a main-island population.

Area reference date: 2017-12-31 · Population reference date: 2024-12-31

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature

Hokkaido

Hokkaido excluding the Northern Territories. Japan's published prefectural area of 83,422.27 km² includes the four disputed island groups (5,003.05 km²), which have been administered by Russia since 1945; this page subtracts them so that the area, the outline and the population all describe the same ground. Japan's own Statistics Bureau makes the same subtraction before computing Hokkaido's population density, and no census is conducted in the disputed islands. Population is a prefectural estimate published only to the nearest thousand.

Area reference date: 2024-10-01 · Population reference date: 2024-10-01

Outline data: Natural Earth · Public domain

Tokyo 23 Special Wards

The 23 special wards only, not Tokyo Metropolis and not the wider Greater Tokyo area. The wards hold about 70% of the metropolis population on under 30% of its land; the metropolis additionally contains 26 cities, 13 towns and villages and the Izu and Ogasawara islands. The area is a Geospatial Information Authority reference value because five wards have partly undetermined boundaries, and it includes 4.68 km² of river-mouth and bay landfill not assigned to any individual ward. Daytime population is far larger than the resident count: the 2020 census recorded 12.35 million people in the wards on a weekday.

Area reference date: 2024-10-01 · Population reference date: 2024-10-01

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature

Okinawa Main Island

The main island of Okinawa, not the whole prefecture. Area is the island's own coastline, so bridge-connected satellites such as Yagaji, Henza and Sesoko are counted separately by the mapping authority. The prefectural population survey does the opposite: it reports only islands not linked by bridge, so those satellites are folded into this figure. The density shown is therefore about 2% high; a like-for-like denominator would be roughly 1,237 km². The count is the resident register, which includes foreign residents but not US military personnel stationed on the island.

Area reference date: 2026-04-01 · Population reference date: 2025-01-01

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature

Singapore

Total land area surveyed by the Singapore Land Authority as at 31 December 2025, covering the main island and its offshore islands. The figure rises with reclamation and is restated annually — it was 735.7 km² a year earlier. Population is the Department of Statistics total population at end-June 2025: citizens 3,660,683, permanent residents 543,832 and about 1.91 million non-residents, counted by place of usual residence, so tourists and short-term visitors are excluded. The two dates are six months apart, and the outline traces the main island, Pulau Ujong, which is about 88% of the official area — Pulau Tekong, Jurong Island, Pulau Ubin, Sentosa and some sixty smaller islands are counted in the figure but not drawn.

Area reference date: 2025-12-31 · Population reference date: 2025-06-30

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature

Macao

Total land area of the Macao Special Administrative Region, the sum of seven official components: Macao Peninsula 9.4, Taipa 7.9, Coloane 7.6, the Cotai reclamation 6.1, New Urban Zone A 1.4, New Urban Zone C 0.3 and the Macao port area on the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge island 0.7. The University of Macau's Hengqin campus (1.0 km²) is a separate column in the same official table and is not included, nor is the 85 km² of sea area assigned to the region. Population is the Statistics and Census Service estimate of usual residents, which includes non-resident workers and students. Both figures share a 30 June 2026 reference point. The outline omits the newest reclaimed zones, so it should be read as a silhouette rather than a current coastline.

Area reference date: 2026-06-30 · Population reference date: 2026-06-30

Outline data: Natural Earth · Public domain

Hainan Island

Area is the land area of Hainan Island itself, published by the provincial government as 33,900 km², covering only the main island. The population is the province's — 10,552,300 permanent residents at year-end 2025 — so the density here divides a provincial population by an island area. The overstatement is small, because the province's other administered islands hold only a few thousand residents, but the pairing is not like-for-like. Hainan Province separately publishes a land area of 35,400 km², which adds those island groups; the roughly 2,000,000 km² figure often quoted for Hainan is maritime jurisdiction, not land, and is never used here. The area carries no stated survey date, so the date shown is when the official page was read.

Area source accessed: 2026-09-08 · Population reference date: 2025-12-31

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature

Seoul

Seoul Special City, the 25-district city government of 605.2 km². It is not the Seoul Capital Area, the commuter region of Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi Province, which is roughly twenty times larger and holds about 26.3 million people. Population is the 2024 register-based census total: everyone usually resident inside the city boundary on 1 November 2024, including 367,291 foreign residents, which is a different universe from the resident-registration series readers may know. Area is registered cadastral land at 31 December 2024, summed from the ministry's parcel-level file because no single line publishes the city total; the same method reproduces South Korea's national figure exactly. The two reference dates are two months apart.

Area reference date: 2024-12-31 · Population reference date: 2024-11-01

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature

Jeju Province

Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, not the main island alone. The area is the province's registered cadastral land at 31 December 2024, covering the main island plus Udo, the Chuja group, Gapado, Marado, Biyangdo and dozens of smaller islets; the population is the province's at the 1 November 2024 register-based census. The main island by itself is roughly 0.9% smaller in area and 0.5% smaller in population, but no Korean government body publishes an area for it alone, so no separate island entry is possible. The outline drawn here is the main island's coastline rather than the provincial boundary, because the mapped provincial relation is a maritime jurisdiction line enclosing about 11,100 km² of mostly open sea. The Chuja Islands, some 50 km north, are therefore counted in the figures but do not appear in the outline.

Area reference date: 2024-12-31 · Population reference date: 2024-11-01

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature

Bali Province

Bali Province, not the main island alone. The area is the province's statutory land area, the sum of all 57 districts across its eight regencies and one city as fixed in the 2023 provincial spatial plan; it excludes the 9,152.54 km² of coastal waters the same plan assigns to the province. The population is the provincial figure for 2025, so the density shown is provincial. The province is larger than the main island because it also administers Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, Nusa Ceningan, Menjangan and Serangan — Nusa Penida district alone is 209.02 km², about 3.7% of the land. No Indonesian government body publishes a land area for the main island on its own, and figures circulated as the area of Pulau Bali are provincial totals under an island label. Official provincial areas also disagree by source, from 5,590.01 to 5,780.06 km²; this page names the basis it uses. The outline drawn here is the main island's coastline, because the mapped provincial boundary includes territorial waters and encloses roughly 21,000 km². Area and population are about two years apart.

Area reference date: 2023-03-09 · Population reference date: 2025-06-30

Outline data: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL · source feature